Experimental studies in humans have shown that sleep disturbances such as circadian rhythm misalignment (44) and sleep deprivation (45) lead to gut microbiota dysbiosis, with a decrease in microbial diversity, an increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and a decrease in short-chain fatty acid production
US 8598118, Harding JW, Wright JW, Benoist CC, Kawas LH, Wayman GA, "Hepatocyte growth factor mimics as therapeutic agents", issued 3 December 2013 "Facilitation of hippocampal synaptogenesis and spatial memory by C-terminal truncated Nle1-angiotensin IV analogs"
Muraoka M, Yoshida S, Ohno M, Matsuura H, Nagano K, Hirata Y, Arai M, Hirata K
the R-form of methionine sulfoxide is reduced by MsrB1, 2, or 3
Such a mechanism may explain the peptide's ability to enhance healing without causing excessive or dysregulated tissue growth, as its effects remain dependent on physiological growth factor signaling that is naturally upregulated during injury and repair processes