The decline tracks with how skin and other tissue slows at repairing itself as the years accumulate
However, factors like aging, stress, UV exposure, lack of sleep, and alcohol consumption can significantly reduce glutathione levels in the body
A 2018 review in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Pickart and Margolina) found the cosmetic anti-aging case for GHK-Cu rests more on cell-culture and mechanism studies, showing it stimulates collagen and elastin production in lab settings, than on large, face-specific clinical trials measuring actual wrinkle reduction in real people
Unlike glutathione, which works internally as well as topically, niacinamide is mainly used topically in skincare formulations
Functional performance: Sport-specific or activity-specific tasks