12 Although these compounds are beneficial in the free form, it was also confirmed that when bound to lens proteins, as occurs with increasing age in the lens nucleus, these UV filters become stronger photosensitizers which can, in the presence of oxygen and UV radiation, generate singlet oxygen, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide within the lens nucleus 24 Hydrogen peroxide, although producing little direct damage, can be converted into highly reactive and damaging species in the presence of transition metals
10.1017/S1368980013003169 148
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However, co-administration of sulforaphane potently inhibited all of the above pro-oxidative stress effects (Fig
10.1038/s41588-018-0099-7 48 VirtamoJ.TaylorP