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Risk of bias assessment in included studies All thirty-seven included studies were assessed for risk of bias

Conclusions Since its launch, e-cigarettes have both benefits and risks

One of the studies, conducted by the Department of Psychiatry at Yale University School of Medicine, found that mindfulness training resulted in a reduction of cigarette use immediately and at a 17-week follow-up appointment

Even though smokers often feel sleepy, nicotine actually: Poor sleep leads to irritability, low energy, anxiety, and poor decision making further harming mental health

The survey, part of the Rutgers Omnibus Study, a multiyear survey to assess tobacco behaviors and patterns, was designed to measure Americans smoking habits and beliefs