Procedure Preheat spectrophotometer/microplate reader for 30 minutes, adjust the wavelength to 412 nm, set the counter to zero with distilled Preheat Reagent II in water bath for 30 minutes: 37 (mammal cell) or 25 (other species)
The protein thioredoxin, together with TXNRD1 (or TXNRD3), NADPH, and FAD, constitute the thioredoxin antioxidant system involved in the reduction of antioxidant enzymes (e.g., peroxiredoxins, methionine sulfoxide reductases, and ribonucleotide reductase) and of many oxidation/reduction (redox)-sensitive signaling proteins (9)
Tenrio, S., Graciliano, N
If the downstream steps of glutathione synthesis cannot keep pace, due to either limited glycine availability, reduced enzymatic capacity, or energy depletion, this intermediate will accumulate
Biol Psychiatry (2010) 68(2):11824