Extended 15-year follow-up studies showed that treatment prevented age-related impairment of physical endurance, normalized circadian rhythm of melatonin production, and improved carbohydrate and lipid metabolism markers
For example, a peptide that affects cell migration in a model does not necessarily mean a patients shoulder injury, Achilles tendon pain, knee issue, or muscle strain will heal faster
Kim SS, Hwang JH, Choi CW, Shim JW, Chang YS, Park WS, et al
If needed, your doctor may also prescribe topical ointments to relieve pain
Abbreviations AF: Annulus fibrosus ASC: Adipose-derived stem cell BMP-2: Bone morphogenetic protein-2 BMSC: Bone marrow-derived stem cell CD: Chondrodystrophic CLC: Chondrocyte-like cell CTGF: Connective tissue growth factor DH: Disc height ECM: Extracellular matrix EP: End plate GAG: Glycosaminoglycan GDF-5: Growth and differentiation factor-5 IGF-1: Isulin-like growth factor-1 IVD: Intervertebral disc MSC: Mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging NC: Notochordal cell NCCM: Notochordal cell conditioned medium NCD: Non-chondrodystrophic NP: Nucleus pulposus NPPC: Nucleus pulposus progenitor cell