7.2 Neurological damage and psychiatric symptoms Heroin injection significantly increases the risk of cerebrovascular complications, including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke (Sloan et al., 1991)
crenulata and its active metabolites can inhibit the NF-B/NLRP3 pathway to reduce HH-induced brain oxidative stress damage, inflammatory responses, and BBB damage, which are attributed to improved energy metabolism and the anti-inflammatory M2 microglial phenotype ( Rhodiola crenulata and salidroside can exert anti-hypoxia neuroprotective effects by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, maintaining BBB integrity, increasing tight junction proteins claudin-1, ZO-1, and occludin, and improving mitochondrial morphology and function, possibly through activation of the AMPK/Sirt1 signaling pathway ( Rhodiola crenulata extracts exert antioxidant effects by scavenging lipid peroxidation products (e.g., MDA) and enhancing SOD activity, regulating cell apoptosis and mitochondrial energy metabolism through the HIF-1/microRNA 210/ISCU1/2 (COX10) signaling pathway, and inhibiting caspase-3 activation to improve brain tissue energy metabolism disorders to alleviate HH-induced brain damage (Wang et al., 2019)
Improves Skin Texture By protecting skin cells from damage, Glutathione supports smoother, healthier-looking skin over time
Ferroptosis in neuropathic pain Neuropathic pain (NeP) is a prevalent and progressive neurodegenerative disease, usually characterized by spontaneous or induced pain and pain sensitization
AOD9604 also inhibited an enzyme called acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which is involved in making new fat
