Meeting Presentation A poster based on this study was presented at the American Thoracic Society 2026 International Conference in Orlando, Florida.
A further problem was that of the production of the discs, which also had to be kept hidden
Believe it or not, several famous authors whose works are considered classics had some psychological issues
These covariates included HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, HDL cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, sitting diastolic and systolic blood pressure (mean of three measures), history of high blood pressure, history of stroke or cardiovascular disease, Fazekas score, FEV1, alcohol units per week, hemoglobin A1c, diagnosis of diabetes, depression score from HADS, age-11 IQ and SES: Cortical thickness= b 0 Intercept+ b 1 Gender+ b 2 Exact_Age_At_Scanning+ b 3 PackYears + b 4 HDL_Cholesterol+ b 5 LDL_Cholesterol+ b 6 HDL_Cholesterol_Ratio+ b 7 Triglycerides+ b 8 Diastolic_Pressure+ b 9 Systolic_Pressure+ b 10 HighBloodPressureHistory + b 11 Stroke_History+ b 12 Fazekas_Score + b 13 Cardiovascular_Disease_History + b 14 FEV1+ b 15 Weekly_Alcohol_Units+ b 16 Hemoglobin_A1C+ b 17 Diabetes_Diagnosis + b 18 HADS+ b 19 Age-11_IQ+ b 20 SES+error To assess whether the association between smoking and cortical thickness varied as a function of the age of starting smoking, Models 2 and 3 were retested after including smoking starting age' and the smoking starting age' by pack-years' interaction term
A key strength of this study is that it is one of the first conducted in the Al-Madinah region to assess public awareness of the adverse oral and dental health effects linked to both tobacco and e-cigarette use
