Surgeon Generals Report on Smoking and Health in 1964, which was the first federal report to link smoking with adverse health effects and spurred a nationwide effort to curb tobacco use
The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that there are about 1.1 billion smokers across the globe with 1.8 million lung cancer deaths reported each year
Social pressure Peer pressure Significant other smokes Susceptibility to advertising 90% of smokers knew that it was harmful Underestimated risk of premature death Men who smoked 25 cigarettes a day thought they had a 50% chance of reaching 75 yrs but only have a 26% chance Physical Dependence Become dependent on nicotine Stimulates the brain so that eventually must have nicotine or it is a state of hypo arousal Smoking releases endorphins (opiate like chemical) Women use it as an appetite suppressant Decreases hunger pains Dulls the taste buds Causes the liver to release more glycogen to keep blood sugar levels normal Smoking moderate amounts it equivalent to cutting 200 calories per day One in five people gain 30 lbs within one year of quitting Cigarettes No such thing as a safe cigarette, even one that is low in tar and nicotine People just smoke more or inhale deeper Cigarette smoke 43 compounds in smoke carcinogenic Carbon monoxide most toxic component of cigarette smoke Impairs persons ability to carry oxygen Found in concentrations 400 times greater then is considered safe in the workplace Leads to shortness of breath and decreased endurance Cigarettes Tar, the non-gaseous part of smoke Residue from burning tobacco Highly carcinogenic Smoke one pack of cigarettes per day collect four ounces of tar in their lungs/yr Irritant to the lung tissue and may play a role in COPD Health Risks A lifetime two pack per day smoking habit will shorten your life by 7-8 years 1/5 of the worlds population dies of a disease related to smoking 60% increase in cataracts Increased risk of macular degeneration Twice a likely to get PID 70% increase chance of developing hearing loss Four times greater risk for periodontal disease Increased risk of degenerative disc disease Health Risks Cancer Significant role in almost all cancers Single most important factor in the development of lung cancer Rate of lung cancer is 23 times higher for men who smoke Smokers account for 87% of all lung cancer deaths Smoke paralyzes the cilia so the cells have direct contact with carcinogenic material Health Risks Cancer Smokers have five times the risk of mouth cancer Risk of larynx cancer increases 6-9 times Risk of bladder cancer increases 2-3 times Twice as likely to get colo-rectal cancer Women smokers double their risk of cervical cancer Health Risks Emphysema Destruction of alveoli Chronic illness Chronic bronchitis Inflammation of bronchial tube Excessive mucous production which narrow the airways Chronic shortness of breath Smokers have higher rates of illness overall as well as their families Health Risks Cardiovascular disease Smoking doubles your risk of MI 1/3 of all cardiovascular disease is related to smoking Nicotine increases heart rate and can lead to angina Nicotine causes vasoconstriction of peripheral vessels and increases blood pressure Health Risks Cardiovascular Accelerates atherosclerosis Increases platlet adhesiveness to form blood clots and leads to MI and strokes Increases the LDL and lowers the HDL in blood Reproduction Men Decreased sperm motility Decreased fertility Fewer sperm produced Contributes to male impotence, decreased blood flow to the penis Women Early menopause by an average of two years Low levels of estrogen Health Risks Pregnancy Smoking during pregnancy kills approx 1000 infants per year Carbon monoxide means less oxygen to the fetus Nicotine causes vasoconstriction and less blood to the fetus Increased number of miscarriages Pregnancy Small birth weight babies Premature babies Twice as likely to have a baby with crossed eyes Twice as likely to have a cleft palate if the mother smoked one pack per day during the first trimester Nicotine in breast milk decreases fat content and calories Kids Sudden infant death syndrome 3.5 times the risk of death if both the mother and father smoke around the child Faster respiratory rates, take in more poisons Make take the children of smokers up to the age of 11 before they catch up physically, mentally and emotionally Kids Second hand smoke causes 36,000 cases of bronchitis in kids under 18 months 3000 cases of new childhood asthma each year Twice as many respiratory illness in kids who live with a smoker Cigars Second hand cigar smoke more poisonous then second hand cigarette smoke One cigar equals three cigarettes Cigar smokers are 3-5 times more likely to die from lung cancer Large cigars carry nicotine equal to 4-5 cigarettes, absorbed through the mucous membranes of the mouth Cigars Limit cigars to special occasions Hold cigar between the teeth rather then the gums and lips If not actively smoking put it in an ashtray, not in your mouth Conduct monthly self exams for irregularities or bumps in your mouth Chewing Tobacco Chew, snuff, dip Nicotine absorbed through the mucous membranes and you become addicted Cancer of the mouth, tongue, lips Periodontal disease Metastasizes easily to the brain Facial deformities after surgery Clove Cigarettes Bidis Cloves comprise 40% of cigarette, tobacco is the rest Indonesian cigarettes contain 3 times amount of nicotine and 5 times the tar of regular cigarettes Contain a mild anesthetic hides early warning signs Passive Smoke Mainstream smoke Inhaled and exhaled by the smoker Side stream smoke More dangerous Not filtered by cigarette filter or the body Contains more nicotine, carbon monoxide (3xs) and tar then the smoker takes it Passive Smoke Side stream smoke Each pack that is smoked, the nonsmoker takes in 3-4 cigarettes If you are married to a smoker 3xs more likely to have a heart attack Quitting Very difficult Fewer then 5% of those who stopped smoking can kick the habit for a year 70% of Americans who smoke want to stop Ex-heroin addicts say it is easier to quit drugs then to quit smoking Men are more likely to quit then women Quitting Withdrawal symptoms Nausea Headache Hunger Irritability Anxious Hostile Crave tobacco Quitting Cold turkey Smoking cessation programs Filters Nicotine replacements Gum Patch
I am overly old by now], or even over twenty-five-I could feel reverence, respect, admiration or compunction, but I seemed cut off from them by a veil of fear and shyness mixed up with physical distaste
Its texture gives powdered sugar the ability to dissolve quickly, making the batter smooth and the cookies thin and crisp
