Yamamoto et al., 2019
In the Philippines, where glutathione has been widely used for skin lightening, the Food and Drug Association of the Philippines FDA has issued a warning about serious side effects from injectable glutathione, including toxic effects on kidneys, liver, and the central nervous system, as well as a life-threatening skin rash
BPC-157, a pentadecapeptide derived from a gastric protein sequence, supports angiogenesis (via VEGFR2 and the nitric-oxide system) and anti-inflammatory signalling, while TB-500 corresponding to the actin-binding region of thymosin -4 drives actin polymerization and cellular migration
Moreover, in an in vitro model of blast-induced auditory hair cell damage, 3-AB inhibition of PARP1 reduced oxidative stress markers, upregulated antioxidant defenses, and helped maintain cell viability by preserving ATP pools 175
Grone HJ, Simon M, Fuchs E