Cu(II) can also bind by intermolecular interactions, what can promote oligomerization 21 , Cu(II) might accelerate formation of toxic -synuclein oligomers and fibrils, which can be rescued by chelating agents 22
To view a copy of this licence, visit About this article Cite this article Zheng, Z., Zong, Y., Ma, Y
Figure 1: Homocysteine (Hcy) inside cells follows two main pathways: it is either converted back to methionine or transformed into cysteine and glutathione (GSH)
In humans, lower levels of the de novo NAD + synthesis precursor Trp have been observed in blood samples of PD patients, indicating disruption of the kynurenine pathway 276,277
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