& Damber, J
Insulin resistance present in approximately 6580% of cases, independent of body weight, and the primary driver of the androgenic environment in the ovary.[2] Androgen excess elevated testosterone, DHEA-S, or androstenedione, driving most of the visible symptoms: hirsutism, acne, scalp hair thinning, cycle disruption
Animal studies have explored its potential in protecting the gut lining, reducing inflammation in the digestive tract, and accelerating the healing of ulcers and inflammatory bowel conditions
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There is no hard minimum, but practical considerations set a floor