The mechanism is not fully established, but changes in gastric emptying rate affect how quickly caffeine is absorbed, and the altered sympathetic tone from GLP-1 receptor activation may lower the threshold for caffeine-induced cardiovascular effects
Regul Pept 1998
This occurs in peripheral circulation and can promote symptoms such as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (PoTS), PEM, fatigue, endothelial cell dysfunction, platelet hyperactivation, mast cell activation, and connective tissue disorders
Dely, M., Mnasser, H., & Mankai, M
Interestingly, we found for the first time that treatment of diabetic rats with DHA decreased the level of FBG and increased fasting serum insulin to a level comparable to that of vildagliptin treatment