Year: 2019 Researcher: Dr
Although other delivery methods are possible, such as oral delivery (for example, ALA, which is more convenient for patients but is associated with concerns over inter-patient variability in bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, photosensitizing agents are typically administered in clinical settings through intravenous or topical application
"A performance evaluation of three drug-induced liver injury biomarkers in the rat: alpha-glutathione S -transferase, arginase 1, and 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase" (PDF)
For subcutaneous injections, a standard insulin syringe is typically used
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