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For instance, compounds like kojic acid show promising inhibitory effects but face limitations due to cytotoxicity or allergic reactions

Animal studies further indicate parenchymal accumulation and microglial activation, where intracellular 50500 nm particles tend to correlate with cytotoxic effects ( 3.2 Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation Oxidative stress is a central mechanism in MPs-induced neurotoxicity

More severe deficiencies result in fatal encephalopathy and multiple systems atrophy

To determine whether these transcriptomic changes were reflected at the metabolic level, we quantified -hydroxybutyrate, a terminal product of -oxidation, in both cell lysates and culture supernatants

The separation was performed on an MXT-WAX column (30 m 0.53 mm 1 m) maintained at 80 C