In mammals (upper pathway), electrons from NADPH are transferred to an oxidoreductase flavoenzyme, either thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) or glutathione reductase (GR)
412 For example, in alcoholic hepatitis, alcohol inhibits the expression of Drp1 by impairing hepatic transcription factor EB, thus leading to an increase of giant mitochondria in the liver and appearing liver damage
Furthermore, polymer micelles and nanomicelles, prepared using various monomers and surfactants, have been explored for uveitis treatment
Lastly, investigating combination therapies that integrate ferroptosis inhibitors with other therapeutic strategies, such as antioxidants or anti-inflammatory agents, may provide synergistic benefits and improve treatment outcomes