FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone, LH: luteinizing hormone, EBRT: external beam radiation therapy, SOD: superoxide dismutase, ROS: reactive oxygen species, NO: nitric oxide, MDA: malondialdehyde, Bcl-xL: B-cell lymphoma-extra-large, Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2, PARP-1: poly-[ADP-ribose] polymerase 1, LDH: lactate dehydrogenase, PCNA: proliferating cell nuclear antigen, BAX: Bcl-2 associated X protein, TNF-: tumor necrosis factor-, ACP: acyl carrier protein, -NAG: N-acetyl glucosamine, -GAL: galactosidase, GnRH: gonadotropin-releasing hormone, PM: particulate matter, BPA: bisphenol A, BADGE: BPA diglycidyl ether, DBP: dibutyl phthalate, DEHP: diethyl hexyl phthalate, MBP: mono butyl phthalate, MEHP: mono ethyl hexyl phthalate, SHBG: sex-hormone-binding protein, ED: erectile dysfunction, PFAS: perfluoroalkyl substances, PFOS: perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, PCB: polychlorinated biphenyl, HPG: hypothalamicpituitarygonadal
Wink S, Hiemstra S, Herpers B, van de Water B
Oxidative damage to lipids, amino acids, and proteins impairs mitochondrial function, triggering a vicious cycle of ROS generation and cellular damage (42)
The antioxidants present in these supplements help neutralize free radicals, promoting cellular protection and slowing down damage that accumulates over time
Essential amino acids are not more important than non-essential ones the category of essential refers to the fact that we need to get them into our bodies via food
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