Antioxidants neutralise harmful free radicals that can harm cells
These temporally distinct phases involve coordinated physiological and molecular processes that sustain ion homeostasis, regulate osmotic balance, and preserve cellular integrity (Van Zelm et al
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In vitro experiments confirmed that A 25-35 treatment significantly inhibited the activation of the NRF2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway in HT22 cells, upregulated the expression of Fe 2+ , TFR1, ACSL4, MDA, and GSSG, and decreased the expression of FTH1, SOD, and GSH, as well as the GSH/GSSG ratio, resulting in dysregulated neuronal iron metabolism, impaired amino acid antioxidant systems, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ferroptosis, which ultimately promoted neuronal injury
For muscle injuries specifically, peptides like MGF (Mechano Growth Factor) wake up satellite cellsspecial muscle stem cells that remain dormant until needed
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