doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2021.07.008 83 Coutrot M, Hkimian G, Moulin T, et al
Inadequate secretion of intrinsic factor, resulting from lesions that destroy the gastric mucosa (which can be caused by ingestion of corrosives, extensive tumors, and conditions associated with gastric atrophy, such as multiple sclerosis, certain endocrine disorders, iron deficiency, and subtotal gastrectomy) Structural lesions leading to vitamin B 12 deficiency, including regional ileitis, ileal reactions, and malignancies Competition for vitamin B 12 by intestinal parasites or bacteria
As far as xenobiotic metabolism is concerned, three general reactions of acetylation have been documented, namely (Fig
It provides pathway-level context you can pair with practical cues urine color, thirst timing, sweat rate and discuss with a qualified provider
& Burtis, C