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Administration consistently increases delta-wave (slow-wave) sleep in EEG recordings, suggesting it promotes the initiation and maintenance of deep, non-REM sleep

This exercise-responsive pattern led researchers to propose MOTS-c as a mitokine, a signaling molecule released by the mitochondria during physical exertion that mediates some of the systemic benefits of exercise

A aggregation and tau hyperphosphorylation can disrupt the calcium balance in neurons, leading to mitochondrial calcium overload, increased reactive oxygen species production, reduced ATP generation, and ultimately, neuronal apoptosis or necrosis [76, 77]

When we look at specific goals like skin health, eye protection, or brain function, other compounds like astaxanthin or melatonin may actually offer higher levels of antioxidant activity in certain environments

Mitochondrial ROS are increased under hypoxia, ischemia/reperfusion injury, chemical stress, drug treatment, and under many pathophysiological conditions (Srinivasan and Avadhani, 2012)