This creates a paradoxical situation where a peptide designed by the body for protection becomes both a driver and a target of autoimmune pathology
The pharmaceutical material should flow freely into the space without any resistance or significant discomfort to the patient
Potential risks Serious risks and adverse events include: Allergic reaction to the medications or dye used in the injection Shoulder infection Depigmentation of the skin around the injection site (a whitening of the skin) Local fat atrophy around the injection site (thinning of the skin) Rupture of a tendon located in the path of the injection Nerve damage near the shoulder joint Bleeding at the injection site In addition to the above, corticosteroid injections increase the risk of: High blood pressure High blood sugar Decreased immune function Decrease in bone mineral density Bone infection (osteonecrosis) Reproductive hormone imbalance Metabolic changes (eg, increased appetite, weight gain, and fluid retention) These risks are typically associated with higher doses of corticosteroids, multiple injections, and for people with underlying medical conditions such as diabetes and heart problems
Clarke R, Evans J, Schneede J, Nexo E, Bates C, Fletcher A, et al: Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency in later life
Vitamin B12 injections should always be prescribed by a doctor, who can advise the dose, frequency of application and treatment duration, all which vary depending on the condition being treated
