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Metabolic and pathologic effects of nicotine on gastrointestinal tract and pancreas of rats

Nationally, the rate was 8.8%.2 Other tobacco product use: California E-cigarette and smokeless tobacco use in California In 2017, 3.0% of adults used e-cigarettes and 1.5% used smokeless tobacco.3 In 2017, 17.3% of high school students in California used electronic vapor products on at least one day in the past 30 days

Harvard research shows that lowering the nicotine content of cigarettes reduces dependence and makes quitting easier .[5] They also found that e-cigarettes with added nicotine foster greater dependence than any other ingredient.[6] The Science is Clear: Nicotine Is Addictive There is overwhelming evidence that nicotine is addictive, regardless of the source

To find out more about the differences between disposable and refillable e-cigarettes, take a look at our dedicated article

Zhang XH, Zhang Q, Long JX, et al