The absorption of monoglutamate forms occurs mostly by a saturable mechanism via the reduced folate carrier, folate receptor, and especially proton-coupled folate transporter with Km of 13 M 881,890,891
Lipoic acid contains two thiol (sulfur) groups, which may be oxidized or reduced
This bypasses the gut as well, so absorption is better than oral
Een capsule (150 mg) per dag volstaat voor dagelijkse antioxidatieve ondersteuning, terwijl twee capsules (300 mg) overwogen kunnen worden bij verhoogde stress, blootstelling aan vervuiling of intensief herstel
Biomedicines 11(9):2587 Strzelec M, Detka J, Mieszczak P, Sobociska MK, Majka M (2023) Immunomodulation: a general review of the current state-of-the-art and new therapeutic strategies for targeting the immune system